Development and Application of A Close-loop Blood Information System / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To establish of a close loop blood information system forreal time monitoring in the entire process of clinical blood transfusion.Methods In accordance with files and laws in clinical blood transfusion and combining the work in blood transfusion department with the actual needs of clinical blood transfusion,the blood transfusion department in Shaanxi Provinical People's Hospital developed the close-loop blood information system with Skynet Software Co.Ltd.Results The close-loop blood information system was achieved informational management patternthat was detailed information from blood products arrival to departure and whole process of evaluation transfusion effect.The link of Hospital Information Manage System (HIS),Laboratory Information System (LIS) and blood information system was completed with the system.The system realized real-time and accurate data collection and monitoring.The system achieved a closed-loop management of the entire process of clinical blood transfusion.Conclusion By using theclose loop blood information system,the quality of medical services can be improved,the work productivity can be increased,and the clinical blood transfusion can be rationalized.

Clinical observation of hepatoprotective agents for prevention of liver injury during initial chemotherapy of patients with acute myeloid leukemia / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventive effect of hepatoprotective agents against liver injury induced by initial chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS: A total of 128 patients with newly diagnosed AML in the department of hematology of one tertiary hospital who received IA regimen were enrolled into this study during the period of January 2012 to December 2015. Using a retrospective study design, differences were assessed between the group treated with hepatoprotective agents (experimental group; n = 99) and that withou hepatoprotective agents (control group; n = 29). The experimental group was further divided into four groups, ie, glutathione group, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate group, glutathione combined with magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate group, and the other group. The patients in the experimental group were treated with hepatoprotective agents at the first time of inducing chemotherapy while the patients in the control group received inducing chemotherapy only. The biochemical indexes for liver function of all the patients were recorded. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the incidence of liver injury between the experimental group and control group (P > 0.05), and the preventive effects in the three groups were similar (P > 0.05). Cox regression analysis of the related factors of the occurrence of liver injury showed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic use of hepatoprotective agents does not reduce the incidence of liver injury among treatment-naive patients with AML who have received IA regimen.

Assessing Adverse Effects of Aroclor 1254 on Perinatally Exposed Rat Offspring / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

To assess the neurotoxic effects and redox responses of Aroclor 1254 (A1254) on perinatally exposed rat offspring, A1254 was administered by gavage from gestational day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21. Neurobehavioral development, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and NO synthase (NOS) levels were analyzed in the offspring. Neurobehavioral development analysis revealed delayed appearance of the righting reflex, negative geotaxis, and cliff drop test responses in A1254 exposed group. Developmental A1254 exposure also caused oxidative stress in the brain of PND 22 offspring via reductions in the activity of SOD and GSH-Px, and by promoting a rise in the levels of NO and NOS.

Risk factors for early disseminated intravascular coagulation in neonates with sepsis / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the risk factors for early disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in neonates with sepsis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective clinical study was performed on 100 neonates with a confirmed diagnosis of sepsis between 2012 and 2013. The children were classified into normal coagulation group, non-overt DIC group (early DIC group), and overt DIC group (late DIC group) based on the ISTH overt DIC scoring system. The clinical manifestations and risk factors were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Early DIC occurred in 44 (44%) cases in the 100 neonates with sepsis. The incidence of sclerema showed significant differences between the three groups (P<0.05). Asphyxia, bleeding, and Gram-negative bacterial infection were independent risk factors for early DIC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Coagulation function should be actively monitored and early intervention measures should be taken for neonates with asphyxia, bleeding, and Gram-negative bacterial infection to prevent early DIC from progressing to late DIC.</p>

Study on the Mechanism of Three Kinds Extracts of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe in Improving Learning and Memory Capabilities of AD Rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of three kinds extracts (saponins, volatile components, polysaccharide components) of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) in improving learning and memory capabilities of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A controlled comparison method was used. Totally 56 male SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the benzene group, and the polysaccharide group, 8 in each group. AD rat model was established by bilateral hippocampus injection of Aβ1-40 (2 µL, 2.5 µg/µL). The next day after modeling rats in the saponin group, the benzene group, and the polysaccharide group, the saponin group, the Aricept group were intragastrically administered with saponin (at the daily dose of 9 mL/kg, 2.1 g/mL) , benzene (at the daily dose of 3.33 mL/kg, 5.7 g/mL) , polysaccharide (at the daily dose of 8.33 mL/kg, 2.28 g/mL), Aricept (at the daily dose of 1.67 mg/kg), respectively, once a day for 2 consecutive weeks from 10 am every day. Equal volume of normal saline was intragastrically administered to rats in the normal control group and the model group. Learning and memory capabilities were detected using water maze 2 weeks later. Expression levels of synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) in the cortex and hippocampus of AD rats were detected using immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Learning and memory capabilities could be improved by three kinds extracts of QKR. There was no statistical difference in the escape latency between the polysaccharide group and the model group (P >0. 05). The escape lacency was shortened in the rest treatment groups (P < 0.05). The escape latency was obviously prolonged in three kinds extracts of QKR groups, when compared with the Aricept group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, times for crossing platforms were significantly increased in the saponin group and the Aricept group (P < 0.05). Compared with the Aricept group, average times for crossing platforms were significantly lessened in three kinds extracts of QKR groups (P < 0.01). Compared with the sham-operation group, expression levels of Syt-1, IL-1β, GFAP, and βAPP in the cortex and hippocampus were increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of cortical Syt-1 increased in the saponin group and the benzene group; the expression of cortical IL-1β increased in the benzene group and the polysaccharide group; the expression of hippocampal GFAP increased in the three kinds extracts of QKR groups; expression levels of Syt-1, IL-1β, GFAP, and β-APP in the cortex and hippocampus decreased in the rest treatment groups (all P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the Aricept group, expression levels of Syt-1, IL-1β, GFAP, and βAPP in the cortex and hippocampus were significantly increased in three kinds extracts of QKR groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Three kinds extracts of QKR might play roles in anti-AD possibly by decreasing expression levels of Syt-1, IL-1β, GFAP, and βAPP in the cortex and hippocampus.</p>

Expression of transferrin in hematoma brain tissue at different stages after intra cerebral hemorrhage in rats

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the expression of transferrin (Tf) and transferrin receptor (TfR) in hematoma brain tissue at different stage after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats.@*METHODS@#ICH rats model were established by collagenase method, and rats were sacrificed at 24 h, 72 h, 7 d and 14 d after operation. The levels of Tf and TfR in different periods of rats were detected by immunohistochemical method, and correlation between two groups was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Tf, TfR-positive cells at each time after operation in observation group were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). Tf, TfR-positive cells began to increase from 24 h after the operation and reached the peak 72 h-7 d after surgery, but then gradually decreased. Tf was mainly expressed in nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells around the hematoma, but TfR was mainly expressed in nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons and choroid plexus endothelial cells. Correlation analysis showed that the Tf-positive cell was significantly positively correlated with TfR-positive cell expression (r = 0.447, P = 0.022).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Tf and TfR were important transporters in brain tissue excessive load iron transport after ICH, and detecting the expression levels of the two indicators can provide a reference for prognosis treatment in ICH.

Expression of transferrin in hematoma brain tissue at different stages after intra cerebral hemorrhage in rats

Objective: To explore the expression of transferrin (Tf) and transferrin receptor (TfR) in hematoma brain tissue at different stage after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Methods: ICH rats model were established by collagenase method, and rats were sacrificed at 24 h, 72 h, 7 d and 14 d after operation. The levels of Tf and TfR in different periods of rats were detected by immunohistochemical method, and correlation between two groups was analyzed. Results: Tf, TfR-positive cells at each time after operation in observation group were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). Tf, TfR-positive cells began to increase from 24 h after the operation and reached the peak 72 h-7 d after surgery, but then gradually decreased. Tf was mainly expressed in nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells around the hematoma, but TfR was mainly expressed in nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons and choroid plexus endothelial cells. Correlation analysis showed that the Tf-positive cell was significantly positively correlated with TfR-positive cell expression (r = 0.447, P = 0.022). Conclusions: Tf and TfR were important transporters in brain tissue excessive load iron transport after ICH, and detecting the expression levels of the two indicators can provide a reference for prognosis treatment in ICH.

Protective mechanism of cerebrospinal fluid containing qingxin kaiqiao recipe on PC12 cell injury induced by glutamate / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effect of cerebrospinal fluid containing Qingxin Kaiqiao recipe on PC12 cell injury induced by glutamate (Glu), in order to provide basis for the conical application of the recipe.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SD rats were orally administered with decoction of Qingxin Kaiqiao recipe (7.9 g x kg(-1)) for three and a half days, 2 times a day, in order to prepare cerebrospinal fluid containing Qingxin Kaiqiao recipe. PC cells were divided into the normal group, the model group, the nimodipine group, the 10% normal CSF group, the 10% medicated CSF group, the 20% normal CSF group, the 20% medicated CSF group. Except for the normal group, other groups were cultured with PC12 cells and Glu with the final concentration of 20 mmol x L(-1) to establish the nerve cell injury model. Apart from the model group and the normal group, other groups were intervened with nimodipine, normal cerebrospinal fluid, and 10% and 20% medicated CSF. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of Bax mRNA, Bcl-2 mRNA and Caspase-3 mRNA, and MTT method was used to detect the activity of PC12 cells.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The activity of PC12 cells of all of medicated CSF groups was higher than that of the model group, with the decrease in the expression of Bax mRNA and Caspase-3 mRNA and the increase in the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA. They showed a significant different with the model group (P < 0.01). The 20% medicated CSF group was superior than the 10% medicated CSF group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Qingxin Kaiqiao recipe shows an apparent protective effect on PC12 cells injured by Glu.</p>

Study on protective effect of cerebrospinal fluid containing Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang on sodium dithionite-induced PC12 cell injury / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effect of cerebrospinal fluid containing Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang on sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4)-induced PC12 cell injury, in order to provide basis for clinical application of the prescription.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SD rats were orally administered with water decoction of Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang (7. 9 g . kg-1) once every 12 h, for a total of 7 times, in order to prepare cerebrospinal fluid containing Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang. The neurocyte injury model was established by adding Na2S2O4 with the final concentration of 8 m mol . L-1 into PC12 cells. With nimodipine (1 x 10(7)mol . L-1 ) as the positive control group, MTT method test was adopted to detect the impact of cerebrospinal fluid containing Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang on the activity of PC12 cells. The expression of Bax, Bel-2 and Caspase-3 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The cerebrospinal fluid containing Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang groups showed a significantly higher activity in PC12 cells than the model group, with decrease in expressions of Bax mRNA and Caspase-3 mRNA and increase in expression of Bel-2 mRNA. There were significant differences compared with the model group (P< 0. 05,P <0. 01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang shows a notable protective effect on Na2S2 04-induced neurocyte injury.</p>

Effects of qingxin kaiqiao recipe volatile oil on expressions of GFAP and caspase-3 in the cortex and hippocampus of AD rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study effects of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) and its volatile oil on the expressions of Abeta(25-35) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), beta-amyloid (Abeta), beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP), and Caspase-3 in the cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats induced by injecting Abeta(25-35) into the bilateral amygdala.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 32 male SD rats were selected. The AD rat model was establish by injecting Abeta(25-35) from bilateral amygdala. After modeling they were randomly divided into the model group, the Donepezil Hydrochloride group [Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablet (1.67 mg/kg), abbreviated as the DH group], the QKR group (QKR Decoction, 12.67 mL/kg), and the volatile oil group (3.33 mL/kg), 8 rats in each group. Another 8 rats were selected as the normal control group. Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats in the normal control group and the model group by gastrogavage, once daily for 2 successive weeks. The Morris water maze test was performed by the end of medication. The escape latency and times of crossing the platform in the water maze test were recorded during the 1st day to the fifth day. The expressions of GFAP, Abeta, betaAPP, and Caspase-3 in the cortex and hippocampus of the rats in each group were detected by immunohistochemical assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, the escape latency from the 3rd day to the 5th day was shortened, the expressions of GFAP, Abeta, betaAPP, and Caspase-3 decreased in the cortex and hippocampus, the times of crossing the platform increased in each medication group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the DH group, the expressions of Abeta in the cortex and hippocampus decreased, and the betaAPP expression increased in the QKR group. The expressions of GFAP, betaAPP, and Caspase-3 in the cortex and hippocampus increased in the volatile oil group. The escape latency from the 3rd day to the 5th day was obviously prolonged, and the times of crossing the platform decreased in the volatile oil group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>QKR could obviously improve the learning and memory capabilities of AD rats, which might be achieved through decreasing the expressions of GFAP, Abeta, betaAPP, and Caspase-3 in the cortex and hippocampus.</p>

Protective effect of qingxin kaiqiao fang containing cerebrospinal fluid on PC12 cell injury induced by Abeta25-35 / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective effect of Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang containing cerebrospinal fluid on PC12 cell injury induced by Abeta25-35, in order to provide basis for clinical application of the formula.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Sprague Dawley rats were orally administration with Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang (7.9 g x kg(-1)) twice a day for 3.5 days to prepare Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang containing cerebrospinal fluid. The nerve cell injury model was established by PC12 cells and Abeta25-35 with the concentration of 10 micromol x L(-1). The expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 mRNA were detected by immunohistochemical method in the PC12 cells.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang group showed a significant higher PC12 cell activity than the model group, with decrease in Bax mRNA and Caspase-3 mRNA expressions and increase in Bcl-2 mRNA expression. There was a significant difference from the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Qinxin Kaiqiao Fang shows a significant protective effect on Abeta25-35-induced nerve cell injury.</p>

Effect of qingxin kaiqiao formula and saponin on learning and memory abilities and expression of apoptosis signal transducers Abeta and betaAPP in AD rat brain / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of qingxin kaiqiao formula and saponin on the learning and memory ability and the expression of the apoptosis signal transducers Abeta and betaAPP in AD rat brain.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The comparative observation method was adopted for the animal test. Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely the normal group, the model group, the aricept group, the qingxin kaiqiao formula group and the saponin group, with eight rats in each group. Abeta(25-35) (10 g x L(-1)) was injected into their bilateral amygdala to establish the AD rat model. Since the next day, they were intragastrically administered with Aricept (1.67 mg x kg(-1)), Qingxin Kaiqiao decoction (12.67 mL x kg(-1)), saponin (6.30 mg x kg(-1)) and double distilled water filling for 2 weeks to observe their spatial memory ability in a Morris water maze and study the expression of Caspase-3, Abeta and betaAPP in brain tissues by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Each traditional Chinese medicine groups showed significant improvement in the learning and memory ability of AD rats and notable differences (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) compared with the control group. The qingxin kaiqiao formula group and the saponin group showed a decrease in the expressions of Caspase-3, Abeta and betaAPP in cerebral cortex and hippocampus area, displaying notable differences (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) compared with the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>qingxin kaiqiao formula and saponin can obviously improve the learning and memory ability of AD rats with by decreasing the expression of Caspase-3, Abeta and betaAPP in cortex and hippocampus.</p>

Association of carotid atherosclerosis and blood pressure variation / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship of carotid artery plaque and blood pressure variation and cardiovascular risk factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of in-patients treated in the department of hypertension between April 2009 and June 2010. Information on carotid ultrasonography and other clinical date were obtained from 408 patients. All patients were monitored by ambulatory blood pressure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Carotid artery determined in plaque was 55.3%, there was no differences between men and women. However, the carotid artery plague was associated positively with age. Increased age was associated with a significantly increased positive rate. (2) Cardiovascular risk factors and carotid artery plaque: carotid artery plaque was associated with duration of disease, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. (3) 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and carotid artery plaque: the prevalence of carotid artery plaque increased with increasing coefficient of systolic variation (P = 0.001). There was no correlation between the coefficient of diastolic variation and the prevalence (P = 0.644).(4) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that carotid artery plaque was associated with duration of hypertension, 24 h mean systolic blood pressure, and coefficient of variation of 24 h blood pressure (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Carotid atherosclerosis is independently associated with coefficient of variation of blood pressure, especially with coefficient of variation of systolic blood pressure.</p>

Consumption of mercury-contaminated rice induces oxidative stress and free radical aggravation in rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the oxidative stress induced by consumption of mercury-contaminated rice in rats, and to assess the possible public health risk of mercury contamination in Wanshan mining area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sprague Dawley rats were fed the mercury-contaminated rice produced from Wanshan area for 90 days. The antioxidant status and the free radicals in rat serum were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>High mercury accumulation in organs of rats fed the mercury-contaminated rice confirmed the server pollution of mercury in Wanshan mining area. The intensity of electron spin resonance (ESR) signal increased by 87.38% in rats fed the rice from Wanshan compared with that in the control rats fed the rice from Shanghai, suggesting that chronic dietary consumption of rice from mercury mining area could induce an aggravation of free radicals. Feeding the mercury-contaminated rice was associated with significant decreases in the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and concentration of serum nitric oxide (NO), but it had no effect on serum nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Feeding the mercury-contaminated rice raised the level of serum malonyldialdehyde (MDA), indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The long-term dietary consumption of mercury-contaminated rice induces the aggravation of free radicals and exerts oxidative stress.</p>

A cross-sectional study on cognitive function and influencing factors in patients with hypertension / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the differences of cognitive functions in patients with hypertension and normotensives, and to analyze the primary influencing factors on cognitive functions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This was a cross-sectional study carried out in two community populations of Beijing in 2001. The study subjects consisted of 83 hypertensive individuals aged 50-65 years, who were both stroke and dementia-free, the control group was chosen with 83 normotensives who were matched one by one with hypertensive individuals on age, sex, educational level and occupation. Socio-demographic, behavioral, medical history, and physiological data were collected on all participants through interview and medical examination. A comprehensive and computerized neuropsychological battery was administered.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total score of Basic Cognitive Ability Examination on hypertension (63.62) was worse than that among controls (68.58) with P < 0.01. Mean reaction time of Digit Discrimination of hypertensive (1.25) was longer than controls (1.17) with P < 0.05. The span of Digit Working Memory of hypertensive (4.96) was shorter than controls (5.63) with P < 0.05. The Score of Dual-Word Recognition of hypertensive (12.05) was lower than controls (13.45) with P < 0.01. Educational level, age and hypertension were the primary influencing factors on cognitive function.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with hypertension performed significantly worse than controls on velocity of perception, working memory and word memory. The findings suggested that the prevention of hypertension could protect cognitive function.</p>

A comparison of three diagnostic criterions for metabolic syndrome applied in a Chinese population aged 35-64 in 11 provinces / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the differences of three diagnostic criterions for metabolic syndrome( MS), issued by the National Cholesterol Education Program(NECP), International Diabetes Federation(IDF) and CDS,in a Chinese population aged 35-64 years in 11 provinces.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 29 564 Chinese resedents aged 35-64 years were recruited from 11 provinces and a survey on cardiovascular risk factors was conducted in 1992. Additionally,3129 participants were added into the study from 1996 to 1999. MS prevalence was calculated according to three definitions and results of MS components distributions and risk factor aggregation were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1)The age-adjusted prevalence of MS in Chinese population were 18.7% for ATP III criterion, 14.6% for IDF criterion and 9.0% for CDS criterion,respectively. (2)Seventy-seven point eight percent of the subjects with MS diagnosed by ATP II criterion presented central obesity. Four point six percent of subjects without MS diagnosed by IDF criterion and 11.2% of subjects without MS diagnosed by CDS criterion presented at least 3 risk factors, respectively. (3)Kappa index showed 0.795 for ATPIII criterion and 0.899 for IDF criterion when applied in Chinese population. (4)The shortest distance in ROC curve for forecasting risk factor aggregation of MS was 0.40 in male and 0.34 in female when waist circumferences were 85 cm in males and 80 cm in females respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ATPIII definition could be used to detect the highest prevalence of MS and the percent of risk factor aggregation among three definitions. The appropriate cut-off points of waist circumference for Chinese were 85 cm for male and 80 cm for female respectively.</p>

The impact of two continuing education models on competence for hypertension diagnosis and treatment of community physicians / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the impact of two different continuing education models: traditional model and a new model entitled "problem-oriented and case-based" mutual pattern and "train the trainer" course, on improving hypertension diagnosis and treatment competence of community physicians.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 632 physicians from 22 district and community hospitals in Haidian district (new model) and 20 district and community hospitals in Chaoyang district (traditional model) in Beijing were trained during July to October 2002. The survey was carried out before and 2 years after training with examination questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The competence evaluated as a score (maximal 100) for hypertension diagnosis and treatment of physicians was similar in physicians before training from the two districts. Post training, the score significantly increased from 40.0 to 47.4 (P < 0.01) in physicians from Chaoyang district and from 40.5 to 70.5 (P < 0.01) in physicians from Haidian district and the final score for physicians from Haidian district is significantly higher than that for physicians from increased from Chaoyang district (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The new model is more efficient for improving community physician's competence for diagnosing and treating hypertension.</p>

Risk factors comparison in Chinese patients developing acute coronary syndrome, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke: a multi-provincial cohort study / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the risk factors characteristic of patients developing acute coronary syndrome, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke in a Chinese population aged 35 - 64 (n = 30 378).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>This prospective study was carried out in 11 provinces in China from 1992 to 2003. The association between baseline risk factors and events in the 10-year follow-up period was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) A total of 809 events were recorded during the follow up period and 227 with acute coronary syndrome, 582 with stroke (ischemic 419, hemorrhagic 146, undefined 17) and the 10-year cumulative person-year incidence rates were 114/100,000, 209/100,000 and 73/100,000 for acute coronary syndrome, acute ischemic stroke and acute hemorrhagic stroke, respectively. (2) Rate of having > or = 1 modifiable risk factors was significantly higher in event group than that in subjects without events (89% vs. 64.7%, P < 0.01). (3) Sorted by intensity, the sequence of independently risk factors obtained from multivariate analysis for acute coronary syndrome were hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and low-HDL-C; for acute ischemic stroke event were hypertension, diabetes, low-HDL-C, smoking and obesity; for acute hemorrhagic stroke was hypertension.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The morbidity for cardiovascular diseases is higher in Chinese population with various traditional risk factors than those without or having fewer traditional risk factors and there are various distinct independent risk factors pattern in patients with different cardiovascular diseases subtypes.</p>

A study on the capability of dyslipidemia diagnosis and treatment among 42 community hospitals in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the use of lipidemia related assistant examinations and lipid-lowering agents, the clinical ability among physicians in district and community hospitals in Beijing, and to evaluate the capability of dislipidemia diagnosis and treatment in these hospitals.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A survey was carried out in 42 hospitals in Chaoyang and Haidian district, including 9 district level hospitals, and the rest were at the community level. Questionnaire survey and in-depth interview were used to collect information from the leaders of related departments in those hospitals. A total number of 632 physicians in those hospitals were investigated, using a close book examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>100% of the hospitals could perform TC and TG tests; 87.5% and 72.5% of the hospitals had medications as statins and bile acid, respectively; 100% of the hospitals could test ALT and 40.0% of the hospitals could test CK. The correct rates of selecting treatment strategy and determining the appropriate treatment goals were 53.7% and 17.6%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hardware condition of community hospitals seem to have satisfied the implicit requirements of dyslipidemia evaluation and treatment but it was essential to improve the knowledge and ability among physicians in community hospitals.</p>

Expression of c-fos in rat brain as a prelude marker of central nervous system injury in response to methylmercury-stimulation / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into the prelude marker of central nervous system injury in response to methyl mercury chloride (MMC) stimulation and the signal transduction molecular mechanism of injury in rat brain induced by MMC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of c-fos mRNA in brain and the expression of c-FOS protein in cortex, hippocampus and ependyma were observed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemical methods. The control group was injected with physiological saline of 0.9%, while the concentrations for the exposure groups were 0.05 and 0.5, 5 mg/kg MMC respectively, and the sampling times points were 20, 60, 240, 1440 min.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of c-FOS protein in cortex and hippocampus increased significantly, the accumulation of mercury in the brain induced by 0.05 mg/Kg MMC for 20 min had no significant difference compared with the control group. The mean value was 0.0044 mg/Kg, while the protein c-FOS expression had significant difference compared with the control group (P < 0.01). More sensitive expression occurred in hippocampus and cortex, but not in ependyma. Conclusion The expression of c-FOS protein in cortex and hippocampus can predict the neurotoxicity of MMC in the early time, and immediately early gene (IEG) c-fos participates in the process of brain injury induced by MMC.</p>